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WHEAT RICE MAIZE BARLEY SORGHUM RYE MILLET : They are a rich source of carbohydrates. Best cereal plants are an annual plant that usually germinates flowers and dies in one year. In some developing nations, grain in the form of rice or corn constitutes practically the entire diet. In developed nations, cereal consumption is both more moderate and varied but still substantial.

RICE

Rice is an annual plant, which means it completes its entire life cycle within a year. Rice can grow to 1–1.8 m tall, occasionally more depending on the variety and soil fertility. Rice plants start their life as tiny rice grains sown in irrigated fields, and grow to become green, grassy plants about one meter tall. Each plant contains many heads full of tiny rice grains which turn golden when the rice plant is ready to harvest.

WHEAT

Wheat (Triticum spp) is an annual plant made up of roots, a stem, leaves, and the head, which is also called a spike. The roots can grow about 3 to 6 feet (90 to 180 centimeters) deep. The hollow stem has about six segments joined by nodes, each with an attached leaf. Wheat leaves may be short and wide or narrow and long. They are made up of a sheath, which surrounds the stem. It is cultivated around the world. Wheat is the second most produced food among the cereal crops. Wheat grain is used to make flour.

Nutritive value of hard red winter wheat per 100 g

12.6 grams of protein
1.5 grams of total fat
71 grams of carbohydrate (by difference)
12.2 grams of dietary fiber
3.2 mg of iron (17% of the daily requirement)

Nutritive value of hard red spring wheat per 100 g

15.4 grams of protein
1.9 grams of total fat
68 grams of carbohydrate (by difference)
12.2 grams of dietary fiber
3.6 mg of iron (20% of the daily requirement)

MAIZE

Zea mays
Common Names: corn, maize

Family: Poaceae
Range: Original habitat is obscure, probably S. America or Mexico
Parts Uses: Pollen; Seed; Stem.

Uses: Corn is grown for human and animal food and for cooking oil. The kernels (grains) are milled into flour to make doughs for various uses such as snack foods, tortillas, bread, pone, etc. The grains are crushed to make hominy for Yankees and grits for southerners. Beer and whiskey for all are made by fermenting the grains. Varieties with a hard seed coating (the endosperm) explode when heated and are used for popcorn. Ornamental varieties are grown for colorful husks and kernels used in dried arrangements.
Medicinal Uses: Cancer; Cholagogue; Demulcent; Diuretic; Hypoglycaemic; Hypotensive; Lithontripic; Stimulant; Vasodilator; Warts.
Other Uses: Adhesive; Fuel; Oil; Packing; Paper.

Description: Maize (called corn in North America) is a fascinating plant. It is an annual grass whose female inflorescence is an axial raceme (the cob) of spikelets (becoming grains, a.k.a. kernels), each with a long, silky style protruding from a spathe (the husk).

Propagation:

Seed - sow April in individual pots in a greenhouse. Grow on quickly and plant out after the last expected frosts. A direct outdoor sowing, especially of some of the less sweet varieties, can be tried in May.
Light: Corn is grown in full sun.
Moisture: Corn requires about an inch (2.5 cm) of rain or irrigation water per week.

BARLEY

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an annual cereal grain, which serves as a major animal feed crop, with smaller amounts used for malting and in health food.A large part of the remainder is used for malting and is a key ingredient in beer and whisky production. Two-row barley is traditionally used in German and English beers, and six-row barley was traditionally used in American beers. Both varieties are in common usage in America now.

SORGHUM

Sorghum is used as fodder plants either cultivated or as part of pasture. The plants are cultivated in warmer climates worldwide. Species are native to tropical and subtropical regions of all continents in addition to Oceania and Australasia. Sorghum is known as great millet and guinea corn in West Africa, kafir corn in South Africa, dura in Sudan, mtama in eastern Africa, jowar in Hindi, solam in Tamil and kaoliang in China.

RYE

Rye (Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain and forage crop. It is a member of the wheat tribe (Triticeae) and is closely related to barley and wheat. Rye is a cereal grain which can provide a valuable source of energy and protein for animals and poultry. Rye grain is used for flour, rye bread, rye beer, some whiskies, some vodkas, and animal fodder. Livestock and poultry feeders have been reluctant to use rye as a dietary ingredient. It can also be eaten whole, either as boiled rye berries, or by being rolled, similar to rolled oats.

MILLET

Common name: Tailabon, Finger millet, African millet, Ragi, Koracan, Koracan, Hong mi, Chi ke.
Millet (Eleusine coracana) is an annual plant in the Poaceae family, native to the Old World tropics and an important cereal in India and Africa. Millet is a tall erect annual grass with an appearance strikingly similar to maize.The plants will vary somewhat in appearance and size, depending on variety, and can grow anywhere from one to 15 feet tall. Generally the plants have coarse stems, growing in dense clumps and the leaves are grass-like, numerous and slender, measuring about an inch wide and up to more than 6 feet long.

Uses: Millet can be ground and cooked into cakes, puddings or porridge. The grain is made into a fermented drink (or beer) in many parts of Africa. The straw from finger millet is used as animal fodder.

Nutrition: Millet is especially valuable as it contains the amino acid methionine, which is lacking in the diets of hundreds of millions of the poor who live on starchy staples such as cassava, plantain, polished rice, or maize meal.
Nutritive value of Ragi per 100 g