Bitterroot Restoration

Bark eating caterpillar (Indarbela spp.) has a wide host range and found infesting fruit trees, forest tress and ornamental plants.

Fruit Fly are very small insects  that  lay their eggs in various plant tissues. The Tephritidae contains about 1,200 species characterized by wide heads, black or steely green or blue bodies, iridescent greenish eyes, and wings that are usually mottled brown or black.

Discription of Leaf Webber are Inconspicuous brown moth, Eggs are laid in clusters of about ten, on buds and young leaves, Cream-yellow larvae pupates in the webs, etc.

The mango inflorescence midge (Erosomyia indica) is a major pest of  mango. The adult midge are harmless minute flies which are short lived and die within  24 hours of  emergence after copulation and oviposition.

Mango Mealybug (Drosicha mangiferae), is a serious pest on mango. The nymphs damage sap from tender shoots and inflorescence. In case of  severe  infestation, the  inflorescences dry up and the young  fruits  fall easily.

Three species of hoppers Idioscoynio chypeabis, I. nitidulus and Amritodus atkinsoni are the most important and found on panicles, leaves and stems, respectively.  The adult and nymphs of hoppers, suck the sap from tender parts resulting in reduction of vigoure.

Aspergillus niger is a filamentous fungus that has many applications in biotechnology.This eukaryotic organism belongs to the Fungi kingdom and the Aspergillus genus. The use of microorganisms in biotechnology is common, however A. niger is considered to be one of the most essential of those microorganisms.

Cephaleuros species are filamentous green algae and parasites of  higher plants. In Hawai‘i, at least two of  horticultural importance are known: Cephaleuros virescens and Cephaleuros parasiticus. Typically harmless, generally causing minor diseases characterized by negligible leaf spots, on certain crops in moist environments these algal diseases can cause economic injury to plant leaves, fruits, and stems.

Bacterial black spot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris, is an important disease of mango (Mangifera indica). Xanthomonas is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria known for being a common plant pathogen.  Several other plant genera of the family Anacardiaceae were described as host species for xanthomonads.

Mango Malformation Disease is a fungal disease of mangoes caused by several species of Fusarium (Fusarium subglutinans), some yet to be described. Mango is the only known host of the disease.